Motivation

Motivation: 

"The arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior." Franken (1994)

 Developed Theories:

• Internal: The most Important internal theory is the Maslow´s hierarchy of needs:

1. What this theory suposes is that a person is driven by the priority of the need, starting from bottom to top, and by satisfying the first, then it goes to the next one up. And it also says that the last need will never by satisfied.
2. From this theory, there is another called "Theory X and Theory Y" which basically there are two types of people, the X and the Y. An X person is driven by the most basic needs, and the Y person is driven by higher needs such as social ones.

(http://www.abraham-maslow.com/m_motivation/Hierarchy_of_Needs.asp)

• Process

1. Expectancy theory: Connection between the employees´motivation and the certitude of their expectancies. Results of performance are means to satisfy a need. The important factors that explains the individual motivation are: Effort, Performance, and Reward.
2. Stacy Adam’s theory of inequity: "People are motivated when they see themselves in risk, or in a position they believe is unfair."

• External

1. Two-factor theory: Motivation factors (psychological growth) and Hygiene factors(avoidance of pain).

(http://cgda.nic.in/rt/rtcblr/website/Training%20Material/H%20R%20D/Motivation.htm)